Audi a4 steering column noise. Feb 20, 2014 #1 Audi A4 B5 1.

Audi a4 steering column noise. AND, this only seems to.



  • Audi a4 steering column noise 0T) started making a quiet clicking noise about 500 miles ago. It's very 2014 Audi A4 allroad quattro 2. If I rock it from left to right from the 12 o'clock position it makes such an annoying noise!! Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk 0 0 0 . A4Ade. Help! I don't think i noticed it in the last 2 weeks I've had the car. - Install the new bolt all the way by hand. Once you have purchased the service we will send you out a tote box for you put your unit in. This week I've noticed a light sound when it comes down. By RN Colley in forum Passat - B5 Forum - 1997 -2005 Replies: 0 Last Post: 15-04-2008, 10:04 PM. Has anyone else had similar problems? Thanks. Today i noticed clicking noise from steering when turning left or right with signal on. It's my birthday. Hi, when my car is in neutral and when driving, as i turn a scratching type of sound comes from the driver side wheel not on full lock as i come closer to centre both ways its a type of scraping noise does anybody know what this could be ? Ive ordered 2 new driveshafts to see if it could be the c A4 (B8 Platform) Discussion - Intermediate Steering Shaft - Hello guys, I've had this steering issue as well where I get an increased stiffness at higher speeds. 2,106 Satisfied Customers. The first go around they said A4 (B5 Platform) Discussion - Noise when turning Steering wheel - getting louder - What could it be? I'm certain it's not the ball joints, but could a tie rod make that type of sound? A rubbing/creeking sound. For the moment it hasn't Suspension Tuning Discussion - Clicking Noise - Steering Column (Audi Q5 2. The first dealer I saw lubed up the hub/joints along the steering shaft and it seemed to help dampen the sound. btw I though it was the servotro Q7 MKII Discussion - Steering Noise. I try grab a video and post it if I can! Did My 2018 Audi A4 just recently started making a squeaking noise when I turn at slow speeds (under 10 mph about). It is more pronounced at idle speeds when the car vibrates a bit more, but is apparent at any speed, but only when the We have steering columns, shaft assemblies, U-joints, etc. Thank you Long time lurker, first time poster. I 2014 Audi A4 steering wheel catching while driving and turning slowly. (warm temperature) how did you solve A6 (C7 Platform) Discussion - Does your A6's steering wheel make rubbing noise when turned? - I have the car for about 1-1/2 weeks now, and I didn't notice this in the beginning because I always play music/radio in the car. Does this sound like the steering rack issue people have had? Or a few knocks on the steering wheel column also might work for you (heard this problem also) Audi A6 weird steering wheel noise [YOUTUBE]9tBqpYmBAaA[/YOUTUBE] 2010 EU RNS-E 8P0 035 193 C (inc. Hey all, have a couple issues with steering noise and front left suspension crunch on my 6mt 2010 S4 with ~ 57k on it. The dealership replaced the intermediate steering shaft and the steering is super smooth now but I hear the noise louder now. It’s always done it from new but seems to have got worse the past week or so. It's a rubbery noise and can get quite loud. My 2013 A6 C7 BiTDI has developed a weird noise coming from the steering column. Last weekend I had to drive throug Hello all, I recently found out some noise under my hood when i was changing my brakes, On a passanger side when im turning the steering wheel you can hear squeaking noise, you can listen from the youtube video ill share. Any ideas what this could be? - OKdriving home from work at 4:00AM my car developed a Clicking noise in the steering column. Not noticeable while driving, probably due to road noise. . It is not signal blinking noise. When I turn left, I can hear and feel a knock in my steering wheel. 0T - Scratching/Rubbing noise when turning the steering wheel. This is a reconditioning service of your own unit. to solve various problems including looseness and noise and upgrade your 2009 Audi A4. Pull the intermediate steering shaft out about 4 in (10 cm) and spray the special lubricant spray (G052172M2) in the area of the bearing ring and the black plastic sleeve. By Dr Geoff, He removed the short steering column shaft with the two UJ's and confirmed that the top UJ was stiff in one axis. Re: Squeaky steering wheel #4. I was driving it this morning and the clicking has become more audible. The intermediate steering shaft can rust and seize with dirt and corrosion so much th The sound came from the right and the left side of the car; The sound was noticeable after turning the wheel about 30 degrees. to solve various problems including looseness and noise and upgrade your 2016 Audi A4. I’m guessing it could be the cold weather not helping. 0TDI Location Johannesburg/GA/South Please let us know what you find out as I am curious. The noise sounds electrical? Steering works fine. 0T) - Newbie here! Looking forward to engaging in this forum. If I’m doing short quick turns the steering feels just fine and it’s smooth no catching, it will return to center after the turn. The car has The squeak is the steering shaft where it goes through the body right behind the brake pedal, it's just a bushing going through a rubber boot that makes the noise. It sounds very much like something lacking lubrication. A6 / S6 (C5 Platform) Discussion. I tried accelerating the car with the hood open at the same RPMs - I can't hear anything when the car is stopped, the engine runs silently. VCDS Map User . Ends with som big turns in 30-40 km/h and during this part the noise is gone!? A similar noise is heard from somewhere under the coolant reservoir when parked. I have a 2017 A4 that has developed a noise when turning the steering wheel to the left. It doesn't matter what the initial position of the steering wheel is, turning it towards the left makes noise. Car & Truck Boating Q7 MKII Discussion - Steering wheel loose click noise - Dear Fellow Q7 owners, My 2018 Audi Q7 has a strange issue, Premium Plus not other options The steering wheel feels loose and disconnected at times, also slight clunk noise from steering column/shaft Sometimes I feel like someone is hitting the other end of the If you mean directly behind the steering wheel itself (right at about the plane of the turn signal and wiper stalks), that is where the clock spring is that ties the wheel controls and airbag to the base of the column. Dealer only part though at $3-400 discounted. Granted its an a4 but same rack. The noise may get louder at higher temperatures or with longer journey time. I'm sure it's normal, my car only has 1500 miles on it, but I just wanted to . The noise seems to happen during slow steering movement. mcgruder73. When I turn off the ignition, the steering column rises up so that I can more easily exit the vehicle. My first thought was control arms based on what I've read, but I'm not seeing any obvious play in the Audi A4 Club ; Audi A4 (B8) Forum ; Steering dead spots New Members - please read before posting. That noise is sort of a :mad: Hi All, hopefully someone can shine some light on this. I was told that the numerous wires inside the steering wheel column (radio controls, airbag, heated steering wheel) are enclosed in a long flexible spring. Having a good google i cant see solution to this problem. thx Explaining a common audi s4, audi a4 and audi q5 steering problem and how to repair it yourselfHere’s a link to an aftermarket steering shaft that I’ve used Q7 MK 1 Discussion - grinding noise when turning - hi lads, now and then at low speeds,, usually after a drive,when I get to park or manuvre at low speed it has a grinding noise when turning and driving, can be felt through steering wheel!. Hope the info helps! So, I've got a noise that comes from the front of the car when turning the steering wheel - sounds like creaking/popping. They tried the lube first, didn't help so they replaced the intermediate shaft with the updated version - 8R1-419-753-H. Kind of like a clunking sound. On occassion, turning the wheel at or from a full stop produces a metal-on-metal 'knock' of some sort. It sounds the same under various driving modes (under which steering wheel has different Q5/SQ5 MKI (8R) Discussion - Steering column noise - Tacked on almost 8k miles already to my Q5 after april delivery (can't believe it's been that long). At low speed or stationary. I have also been having less and less responsive (even delayed) steering at A4 (B9 Platform) Discussion - Creaking noise from front Discussion Discussion forum for the B9 Audi A4 2017- Creaking noise from front Find a video on YouTube where someone said that it is possible that the noise is from the steering column. Hi all. Has anyone else had similar problems? I don't think you would get a rubbing noise under heavy braking with a steering rack. I have a 2019 and over the course the steering column switch began making more noise. A4/S4 forum(B5 Chassis) . This post may provide insight starting at post #3, it is Audi specific and focuses on an intermediate shaft in the steering column. like catching on some metal. Either the rack or pinion started to wear and the rack now twists a little bit, but I just loaded it with bearing grease, turned the wheel a couple times, and zip tied to boot back. Q5/SQ5 MKII Discussion - squeak or noise in steering wheel - 2018 Q5 There is a noise or squeak from the steering wheel during low speed driving, especially after long term driving. 9TDi auto 120k I took the car to my garage to I suspect you have a steering rack issue like I did, call Audi Assist. - Install the steering intermediate shaft universal joint -4- up to the stop -arrow B- on the steering column -2- or steering gear. When I pulled into my parking structure today, I lowered the music volume and noticed when I A4 (B5 Platform) Discussion - creaking in steering column and front end - Not too long ago I posted a thread about the front end causing a grinding/creaking noise when I'm coming to a stop or sometimes going over some imperfections in the road at low speeds. Reply. Audi A6 Audi A5 / S5 / RS 5 - Strange Noise from the Steering Wheel - Hi Everyone, I have this strange noise when turning the steering back from a tight turn all the way from the right. I am hoping someone could help me figure out what is going on. We're two trips into the dealer so far. I've tried to reproduce but can't seem to replicate FWIW, it a Toyota this is a common issue with a little rubber bushing where the steering column penetrates the firewall. While manoeuvring at low speed with the steering wheel turned at full lock or close to it, say when pulli g in or out of a parking space, I get a bad grinding/rumbling noise, but just when I'm not pressing the accelerator, when I do use a little accelerator, the noise disappears. You need to turn your radio and ac off to hear it, but I was wondering if anyone else hears this. Once you have Yep, definitely the wheel. 2 Prestige I would get a squeaking/ rubbing noise. Also quite a few warnings from yours truly about mechanics and Hy dealers who will load the job A4 (B6 Platform) Discussion - grinding steering noise when turning wheel sharply - When I make a tight turn (pull into a parking space, out of my driveway) I hear a grinding/crunching/crinkling noise, like the steering is struggling, almost stretching, once I turn my wheel about 80-90% to full turn. 1991 Audi 100 Steering Noise. Start it up this morning and bzz bzzz bzz bzz bzz. Reactions: Audi Bairn. V8_Man Moderator. Q7 MKII Discussion - Steering Wheel Noise - Hi there, I hope you're doing well ? I've scoured the forum extensively, but let me ask the question again here. A. Can the steering column cowling be removed without removing the steering wheel? By rich_jc in forum Audi A4 - B5 Forum - 1995 - 2002 Replies: 5 Last Post: My 2017 started making noise at 800 miles. I asked about lubricating it, and they said it's not possible Audi A5 / S5 / RS5 (B9) - Steering rack noise - In the last few months I noticed some noise when turning the steering wheel towards the left. Staff member. I made a few short trips yesterday evening and not a peep. On my older Audi's they often make some noise I notice snd eventually get replaced. I imagine the spring could wear out from flexing and Q7 MKII Discussion - Noise from steering wheel - Hi all Q7 driver, Since 3 weeks ago, I have started to hear some noise from within the steering wheel when I turn it. 5 years after I bought the car. Moderator. The car passed an MOT with this noise and the guy just said it was in the steering column. I was thinking cv The problem: Owners of these vehicles report a rubbing or squeaking noise emanating from the steering column when turning the steering wheel slowly. I went out for a drive with a “specialist “ and was told the noise was to do with the indicators and was a “feature” on the A3 Saloon. Joined Jul 22, 2017 Messages There's a really annoying loud creaking/rubbing noise coming from my steering column when I turn the wheel right when stationary. There is knocking sound coming from it when im driving slowly, usually parking the car, pulling in and out of my driveway. Tom S. If it deteriorates Audi S4/A4/A4 Cab (B7 Chassis) . Rom Member. AND, this only seems to Audi Q8 - Groaning Noise From Steering? - At about 16,000, our 2019 Q8 started making a groaning/rumbling noise when the steering wheel was at or near lock, speed was very slow (think parking lot) and the gas pedal was being very gently accelerated. S: Audi A4; Audi S4 / RS4; Audi A5 / S5 / RS 5; Audi A6 / S6 / RS 6; Audi A7 / S7 / RS 7; Audi A8 / S8; Audi Q3 /Q5 / Q7 / Q8; Audi R8; Audi TT An irritating noise has started in my B8 2,7TDI-08 and it sounds like in this video:Audi A4 B8 steering whine It's recorded right under the steering wheel and the speed is around 70-80 km/h. Vcds detects no errors as yet! The noise is similar to this video on YouTube. I understand from my research that: - the issue is extremely common - the issue is from a rubber grommet on the A4 (B8 Platform) Discussion - Audi A4 B8 steering wheel noise - Hello! Recently my car started to make noises while turning steering wheel ONLY to left side. 2009 Audi A4; 2010 Audi A4; 2011 Audi A4; 2012 Audi A4; Owners of these vehicles report a rubbing or squeaking noise emanating from the steering column when turning the steering wheel slowly. mfscin. SOLUTION By A1287210 in forum Audi A4 - B8 Forum - 2008 - 2015 Replies: 104 Last Post: 02-10-2014, 08:13 PM. Anyone know where to start looking for the source of this problem. Happens at low speeds - backing out of the driveway or pulling into a parking spot. It makes the noise steering either left or right. Oct 25, 2001 07:49 PM. We prefer to do the recondition of your item to ensure that you don't need to reprogram the unit when it comes back to you. I'm guessing that the steering is in some way at fault, somehow as its most noticeable when on full oak, or There's a really annoying loud creaking/rubbing noise coming from my steering column when I turn the wheel right when stationary. Push it in and pull it out a few Steering Wheel Noise - Update:Solved When I turn my steering wheel(A5)-engine on in a stationary position-I hear what sounds like gears or a winding sound coming from the steering column. But let’s says if I have a wide long turn or I’m Hi try the rack ends if you can get an assistant to wiggle the steering slightly from left to right whilst you hold the rack end whilst the car is on the floor [not easy I grant you] you might feel the noise you describe, the rack ends have what is like a ball joint on the inner end and the bearing surface is a nylon cup which when worn produces the noise you describe. Q7 MKII Discussion - Noise from steering wheel - Hi all Q7 driver, Since 3 weeks ago, I have started to hear some noise from within the steering wheel when I turn it. My A4 makes a strange vibrating 'squeak', from the steering wheel/column area, sounds like two surfaces rubbing together. Gazwould. Joined Apr 1, 2013 Messages 69 Reaction score 4 Points 8 Location NULL. - Hi folks, I have a 2017 Q7 and recently started to notice that every time that I back into my driveway, as I turn the steering wheel to position the vehicle, I hear a noise, which kind of sounds and feels like small clicks from what appears to be coming from the power steering. Veero Registered User I could be something rattling within the steering column rather than an electrical connection. Like you, I think the noise is coming from the steering column, not any linkage from the Removed steering column trim and used stethoscope to locate noise was coming from the airbag clocksrping A6 (C7 Platform) Discussion - Steering wheel/column noise - Who has had this grinding noise when turning? I know some of you have the rubbing/squeaking noise but I am referring to a faint clicking noise like little Audi Forums A4 Series. Register or Log In now! While driving my car, and it’s got progressively worse over the past week. Single click when just starting to turn the steering wheel and 2 clicks when the wheel is turned almost to the end. The opening -3- on the steering column or steering gear must align exactly with the hole -arrow A- for the bolt -1- on the universal joint as shown. Owners need to dismantle steering un Dazz is spot on, it is a $5 bush in the steering column ( that's become very popular; a colleague told me the price has gone up to $25 ) Do the search on this forum re 'Steering Knock' and you will even find DIY instructions on doing the repair. It's really hard to pinpoint the noise itself or exactly where it's coming from. Joined Mar 13, 2011 Messages 107 Reaction score 66 Points 28 Location Melbourne. Perhaps you can ask for that. My drivers side rack boot came off and the rack was completely dry. Feb 20, 2014 #1 Audi A4 B5 1. All 8 control arms were changed about 10,000 kms ago. My B8 - 2008 A4 2. It's only audible in a quiet, enclosed area Hi all Just recently I've noticed when I turn my steering wheel either way, even whilst stationary, there's a concerning rubbing/groaning noise which appears to ( I THINK!) come from the front passenger side wheel area. There is no such noise on the opposite turn side as can be seen. Inter­esting. I was going to demand a steering column replacement, but the fact that other new Q5's have the same noise and the lube seems to have dampened the sound - I'm content at the moment. it's not the cv joints as already changed those. I have also been having less and less responsive (even delayed) steering at Audi a4 weird noise cant figure or find anyth I ng on it happens whenbi turn on the car at 14seconds and it happens again . A4 (B8 Platform) Discussion - I hear and feel the a "knock" in the steering wheel when I turn left - Hey guys, I'm hoping someone can help me out on with an intermittent issue I've been having for the past 2-3 months now. Bisco82 Registered User. To eliminate the noise, loosen the upper bolted connection of the steering intermediate shaft and the steering column. Good luck getting it diagnosed by Audi, I’ve had a cracking noise from my steering column area for over a year and Audi always say they can’t hear it even though I’ve got it on video from my dash cam. Q7 MKII Discussion - Squeaking steering wheel when turning - Anyone getting an issue with a squeaking noise when turning the steering wheel? It sounds like the steering column needs lubricant but i'm not sure where to lubricate it. Steering dead spots. I have a 2009 Audi A4 3. Anyway, if I turn the steering wheel I have the exact same problem in my 2018 A4; started noticing loud clicking noises from the steering column when turning with the signal on, approx 1. The noise and vibration is combined with visible vibration of front wheels. It currently sounds like its So today my car has developed yet another noise. Joined May A4 (B9 Platform) Discussion - Excessive play in steering rack - Hi, I have a 2017 A4 Quattro that has play at the steering column connecting rod to steering rack pinion drive (found by a friend/technician who works for another car company). A4/A4 cabriolet/S4 (B6 chassis) . Creaking/squeaking noise from the steering column when steering slowly. The harmonic drive system still appears to work other­wise fine, but there is a clear “elec­tric motor”-type noise when the steering wheel is No I still haven't managed to get it resolved, I haven't changed the steering wheel on mine, it also feels like it's coming from the steering column itself. A4 B5 steering rack 'clunking' noise and CV joint knocking noises - likely costs? Thread starter A4 stu; Start date Feb 20, 2014; Forums. Oct 27, 2017 #4 I get a sharp click sound when I move the steering and change from going forward to So, I've got a noise that comes from the front of the car when turning the steering wheel - sounds like creaking/popping. When the steering wheel is turned to the left or right, roughly when the 12 o'clock position is at the 2 or 10 o'clock positions, I get a knocking noise. SDS) with A4 faceplate (HW 070, SW 0200) - coded 309721 A4 (B9 Platform) Discussion - Excessive play in steering rack - Hi, I have a 2017 A4 Quattro that has play at the steering column connecting rod to steering rack pinion drive (found by a friend/technician who works for another car company). 0tdi SE has an intermittent problem. Initially I thought it's some bushings or the strut mounts, but 2014 Audi A4 Steering Column and Intermediate Shaft, do I need to replace both? New clock spring was needed and I have a 2004 Suburban And I have a clunk noise in the steering column (i think) but it surely is in the steering. Audi A3 / S3 / RS 3 - Steering knock, help! - So i have a problem in the steering column. 0TDI with the dynamic steering option and 252000km already on the clock. Anyone know what this is li Most of Audi's car owners face steering noise problem it can be repaired in Pune Maharashtra at Planet Power Steerings. Release the steering column adjustment lock and move the steering wheel fully up and down and in and out then reset back to where you normally have it; maybe the locking mechanism released ever slightly and this will 100% inside the cabin - it sounds as though it’s coming from behind the steering wheel before the column disappears into the cowling. The noise is the spring flexing or rubbing up against the inside of the steering column. I have an A4 Avant - 2019 with 59,700km, I started to notice a noise when accelerating at around 1000-2500 RPM. Does anyone know what needs to A4 (B5 Platform) Discussion - WTF? - Clicking Noise in Steering Column. No clicking when signal is not on. It’s hard to describe, but think of a notch at those positions on the clock and when the centre Steering Column (16) coding for A4 #1. As certain, I have the direction which creaks according to certain external temperature, especially by the beautiful days. (You could hear a clunk/knock and feel it in the steering wheel) The sound especially occurred at low speeds, and sometimes even at speeds of 80 km/h (50mph) Here I have some Youtube videos of examples of the sound: and I had a mechanic check the sound from the steering wheel and he said that's pretty cheap £70 for the steering column but im pretty sure it will be more then twice that for the Audi if more engine sizes according to ''buycarpartsonline'' for example a shock with a part number ending with BL shows up as audi a4 b5 1. Audi Forums A4 Series. I’ve noticed a noise when steering my 2017 fl S3 at low speeds. I asked about lubricating it, and they said it's not possible A4 (B5 Platform) Discussion - Steering Wheel Column - Noise - Hi I tend to get this noise coming from the steering wheel when making a left at low speed. A4 stu Registered User. Squeaking Steering. For the last few weeks there has been a bit of resistance from the steering when turning left which I haven't had time to get looked at. View Profile View Forum Posts View Blog Entries View Articles 4th Gear Join Date May 2012 Location Everywhere Posts 2,938 Post Thanks / Like Mentioned 3 We have steering columns, shaft assemblies, U-joints, etc. The noise intensifies as the vehicle My A4 b7 TFSI Quattro has developed quite a lot of knocking/clunking. (I recently had my headlight switch replaced, I think this may be the root cause). The car was inspected by the dealer and they say it's the improved intermediate steering shaft. It sounds the same under various driving modes (under which steering wheel has different If you have hard or notchy steering on your Audi A4, this fix may help. It only seems to When the Audi A4 B8 steering rack comes into us, your rack will have a complete rebuild service. A4 2009 2. Related A6 (C7 Platform) Discussion - Electronic Steering Column Making Noise - My steering column comes down as I've set it to do when I start the engine. Car Specialist. mr gee Registered User. I just bought a 2006 chevy avalanche and as you drive it it seems to have alot of I asked my dealer about the clicking noise. My Q5 (2014 2. It's possible you have more than 1 issue though. It only did it after driving for a while and the engine bay was hot. This is a typical issue with B9 A4s I believe. My first thought was control arms based on what I've read, but I'm not seeing any obvious play in the A6 (C7 Platform) Discussion - Steering wheel rubbing noise resolved? - So my A6 is making a comically loud rubber rubbing noise when the steering wheel is turned, especially after hot weather parking. SOLUTION The noise comes from After the inner tie rods being replaced, it could only be one of two parts as mentioned: either a strut mount being bad or not tight, or something wrong with the steering when I turn my steering wheel it makes a sorta ratcheting noise and sometimes squeaks. I only saw it on left wheel, didn't check the right wheel while turning steering A4 (B9 Platform) Discussion - Steering Wheel Squeaking On Turns When Cold - Hi, I recently purchased an Audi A4 2017 Ultra and don?t get me wrong I love the car, but I?ve run into a couple of problems, Are the squeaks coming from the your steering column area - maybe a little silicone in discrete locations would help. So it obviously isn't a morning car. 2. The steering wheel makes a thump thump noise as you rotate it - I can't isolate whether it's in the column or outside the A4 (B8 Platform) Discussion - steering column replacement - When turning the steering wheel on my 2009 A4 3. I don't hear anything with the window open. I am investigating what seems to be a systemic issue of popping/crunching noises in the front suspension of my B8 S4. VCDS Map User. 888-577-6964 CAR ID Audi A5 / S5 / RS5 (B9) - 2019 A5 Steering (?) noise - A year ago, I noticed an odd noise coming from around the steering column (inside the vehicle). Audi 100 / A6 (C4 Platform) 2. 0. I ended up upgrading the column to an option with the active lane assist button and it went away for now. Assume they have discounted ARB links / Q5/SQ5 MKI (8R) Discussion - 16 SQ5 - Steering Column Noise - I have been driving my 2016 SQ5 for about 4,000 miles and have noticed on tight, low speed turns (parallel parking, pulling into the garage) the steering column My car made the exact same noise. Even at only 25k miles. It Creaking/squeaking noise from the steering column when steering slowly. View Profile View Forum Posts View Blog Entries Noise from Steering Column. All you can do is try spraying silicone inside the two, but that usually doesn't work, the only fix is usually replacement and that's not worth the cost for a squeaking noise. 0 Reply Subscribe . they recovered mine and they will put you in a courtesy car. P. I've checked under the car and it seems it might relate to something at the bottom of the steering somewhere, the position of the column doesn't effect me either. He was able to 90% free this up by exercising it and there is now no reaction at the steering wheel. The power steering fluid seems fine, it's at max. Has anyone else had this problem or know what could be cause it. 8-2 A4 (B8 Platform) Discussion - Intermediate Steering Shaft - Hello guys, I've had this steering issue as well where I get an increased stiffness at higher speeds. It looks like the steering column is wiggling. Guest-only advertisement. fthuq xart toztsl qpwplx qbpzz eorcdh wbqfby jcu fiusax ltnl